with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。

一、 with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;

2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;

3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;

4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;

5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。

下面分别举例:

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over, we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)

4、He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light on.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)

二、with结构的用法

with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:

Run with the kite like this.

2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:

A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.

3. 和…… (某人)一起。

a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:

Now I am in China with my parents.

Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.

He / She's talking with a friend.

b. 跟go, come 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:

Do you want to come with me?

4. 和play一起构成短语动词play

with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:

Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.

5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:

On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.

6. 表示面部神情,有“含着……,带着……” 如:

"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.

7. 表示 "用……" 如:

You play it with your feet.

What do the farmers do with your machines?

8. 表示 "对……, 关于……"。如:

What's wrong with it?

There's something wrong with my computer.

三、with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如:

With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)

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